{"id":100,"date":"2014-09-06T18:39:11","date_gmt":"2014-09-06T13:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ckraju.net\/blog\/?p=100"},"modified":"2014-09-06T18:39:11","modified_gmt":"2014-09-06T13:09:11","slug":"nothing-vedic-in-vedic-maths-response-to-comments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/?p=100","title":{"rendered":"Nothing Vedic in Vedic maths: response to comments"},"content":{"rendered":"

My article in The Hindu<\/em>, 3 Sep 2014, received\u00a0214 comments and 4.3k Facebook Likes.
\n\"Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n

Here are my\u00a0responses. (A separate response in Hindi to Dinanath Batra’s\u00a0associate’s comments on my Jansatta article<\/a> in Hindi of 10 Aug 2014 is given below.)<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Abuse.<\/strong> Some people have turned abusive and chanted abuses like\u00a0mantras! Funnily, their abuses are always the same, no matter what\u00a0the critique! After working on decolonisation for the last 4 years,\u00a0and mentioning the use of Indian ganita in the above articles, it is\u00a0excessively funny to be accused of being a follower of Macaulay!\u00a0Pathetic. These abusers have an equally pathetic knowledge of\u00a0Hinduism, and hence are its worst enemies, not its owners, as they\u00a0claim, for they confuse the fakes for the real stuff. (Incidentally,\u00a0I have also given what is possibly the strongest possible scientific\u00a0basis for Upanishadic philosophy, relating it to scientific and\u00a0refutable notions of time,<\/a>[1]<\/a> but it is beyond even their leaders.) Anyway,\u00a0such ignorance of the purva paksa (the critique) permanently\u00a0disqualifies these abusers from being taken seriously, according to\u00a0the Nyaya sutra.<\/li>\n
  2. It is ancient hence it is Vedic.<\/strong>\n
      \n
    1. Wrong! Ancient does not mean Vedic. Buddhism, Jainism, and Lokayata are\u00a0also ancient, but all reject the Veda as a means of knowledge.\u00a0Lokayata said that Brahmins are hypocrites. Is that also Vedic\u00a0knowledge!? If not, the claim \u201cvedic = ancient\u201d is\u00a0just a second lie invented to \u201csave\u201d the first (claim\u00a0of \u201cVedic\u201d math). A third lie is now needed to \u201csave\u201d\u00a0the second one! (Note that Lokayata are Hindus on present-day tax\u00a0laws, or the Indian census.)<\/li>\n
    2. Besides, how do we know<\/em> it is ancient? What is the pramana? Our\u00a0source (Krishna Tirtha) is recent. He hid his real sources,\u00a0obviously for a good reason. If they were really ancient, why did\u00a0no one else mention them in so many thousands of years? How do we\u00a0even know this system is Indian in origin?<\/li>\n
    3. The article pointed out that the usual algorithms are Indian in origin (unknown to Krishna Tirtha and his followers), and based on the place value system which can be traced to the Veda. They are definitely Vedic. Why abandon the real Vedic for the fake Vedic?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
    4. It is useful for CAT etc.<\/strong>It is a very narrow and colonial\u00a0vision of education that imagines that education is intended only to\u00a0pass competitive exams The real social use of mathematics is on the\u00a0frontiers of science and technology, where the mental arithmetic of\u00a0\u201cVedic\u201d math is irrelevant.<\/li>\n
    5. Caste and Shakuntala Devi.<\/strong>Carpenters calculated in their\u00a0head, as opposed to astronomers or traders who could sit in one place\u00a0and write things down. It is a fact that artisans were exclusively\u00a0from lower castes. Why suppress this fact? It might explain why Krishna\u00a0Tirtha hid his sources.\n

      I met Shakuntala Devi only once, and was charmed by her simplicity and\u00a0candor. She created a sensation, and if anyone in the West had any\u00a0inkling then of the algorithms she used, they would have quickly\u00a0pointed them out. But no one then could replicate her performance.\u00a0So, Shakuntala Devi’s case gives a possible line of argument for the\u00a0Indian origin of the algorithms.<\/li>\n

    6. It is a faster algorithm.<\/strong> Again no proof. The government of\u00a0India spent some 5 million USD on a project related to traditional\u00a0knowledge. The outcome was mostly some unpublished papers, some of\u00a0which claimed that algorithms based on Vedic math were more\u00a0efficient. The papers I saw in the 90’s reported shoddy research.<\/a> [2]<\/a> Therefore, at the moment, the best one can say is that Krishna\u00a0Tirtha’s methods give more convenient algorithms for mental\u00a0arithmetic.<\/li>\n
    7. Vedic mathematics is not mathematics?<\/strong> Someone refers to Dani’s paper\u00a0and states that Vedic mathematics is not mathematics. Now, that is\u00a0going too far. In fact, what Dani does is neither mathematics nor\u00a0secular. Hence my petition to teach religiously neutral\u00a0mathematics.<\/strong><\/a> <\/a>[3] <\/a><\/a><\/a>\n

      Who decides what is mathematics? Dani will point to his Western masters as the sole decision makers. But why should we accept that? It is wrong to follow a seer blindly, but it is much worse to follow the West blindly: look at what happened to the Australian aborigine, or the north American Indian, or the Africans who trusted them. Decolonisation means we must be critical of the West and address our own practical interests.<\/a> [4] <\/a><\/a> <\/a><\/a><\/p>\n

      Mathematics must deliver practical value, as in the Indian\u00a0traditions of ganita. Dani’s math fails the test of practical value,\u00a0and the entire math school of the Tata Institute contributed nil\u00a0practical value to the Indian people even over 50 years.<\/a> [5]<\/a><\/p>\n

      The practical value of math still comes from its traditional core of ganita or hisab, or practical calculation, and any practical application requires calculation.The absence of practical value comes from the coating of metaphysics\u00a0that this mathematics acquired in the West, and its focus on\u00a0metaphysical proof instead of practical calculation. TIFR math\u00a0school blindly imitates that.<\/p>\n

      However, the metaphysics underlying\u00a0formal math is not<\/em> universal; it is not even religiously neutral. My book Euclid and Jesus <\/em>exposes its basis in false history and crooked Christian theology.\u00a0Teaching Christian metaphysics through math today is decidedly\u00a0poisonous, especially because few have any inkling of this insidious \u00a0indoctrination into a supposedly \u201cuniversal\u201d\u00a0metaphysics. Mathematics is not<\/em> universal, e.g. present-day\u00a0mathematics differs from Indian ganita in rejecting empirical\u00a0proofs. In Cultural Foundations of Mathematics<\/em>, I set out a\u00a0different philosophy of math, well adapted to mathematics done on a\u00a0computer.<\/p>\n

      At least there must be a debate on whether to blindly imitate the\u00a0Western philosophy of math, and whether that is even secular. Now,\u00a0Dinanath Batra’s associate, Atul Kothari, at least immediately\u00a0responded to my criticism (see below), showing that even if his\u00a0beliefs are wrong, he sincerely believes them. But Dani and his colleagues\u00a0from the Tata Institute have avoided debating my critique\u00a0of formal math, and that shows that they are insincere and\u00a0unethical, and know that any debate will quickly expose them. They\u00a0do care for practical benefits but only at the personal level: a\u00a0TIFR professor Nitin Nitsure justified formal math by saying “they”\u00a0are willing to pay for it! Westerners naturally praise the TIFR\u00a0math school, since these comprador elements benefit the West:\u00a0colonialism was built with the help of a fifth column of people who\u00a0sold out. But we must insist on our practical benefit.<\/li>\n

    8. So, what is the alternative? <\/strong>So\u00a0how exactly do we achieve that? Through decolonised math based on Indian\u00a0traditions, of ganita and hisab, as stated in the article. Europe\u00a0got most of its math from India and their leading intellects \u00a0repeatedly got confused by it, like Gerbert. Descartes raised some\u00a0foolish arguments against the infinite series of the Indian\u00a0calculus, and Newton’s physics failed just because he misunderstood\u00a0the calculus.<\/a> [6] <\/a><\/a>The European misunderstanding of math and the consequent intrusion of metaphysics has made math difficult:<\/a> [7]<\/a> one cannot even explain why 2+2=4 without reference to Peano’s axioms and Western notions of infinity.\n

      This misunderstanding was globalised by colonialism; nevertheless it is NOT universal. We can reject it and revert to the traditional ganita or hisab. This avoids the Western obsession with metaphysical proof and focuses on practical calculation. That also makes math easy. I have demonstrated this through pedagogical experiments, involving 8 groups of students in 5 universities, in 3 countries, by teaching calculus in five days<\/a> [8]<\/a><\/a> <\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n

      Governments all over the world (and not in India alone), especially in former\u00a0colonies, need to take up a critical review of math and how the\u00a0practical uses of math can be separated from the superimposed\u00a0Christian metaphysics. Especially, secular countries like India are\u00a0obliged to do so, as I have argued in my petition to teach\u00a0religiously neutral mathematics.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Improving the understanding of mathematics, improves statistics and science
      \nwhich depend on it.<\/p>\n

      For the case of probability and statistics <\/strong>I\u00a0have explained the change (in the context of the Rgveda, Mahabharata,\u00a0and quantum mechanics) in my article on probability in ancient
      \nIndia.      <\/a> [9]<\/a><\/p>\n

      For the case of physics, <\/strong>I have explained the change in the appendix to Cultural Foundations of Mathematics <\/em>and in my other articles<\/a> [10]<\/a> and talks,<\/a> [11]<\/a> as also articles on physics and physics education.<\/a> [12}<\/a><\/p>\n

      \n
      \n

      <\/a> 1<\/a> C.\u00a0K. Raju, \u201cAtman<\/em> Quasi-Recurrence and paticca\u00a0samuppada<\/em>\u201d,
      \nin Self, Science and Society, Theoretical and Historical Perspectives<\/em>,
      \ned. D. P. Chattopadhyaya, and A. K. Sengupta, PHISPC, New Delhi,
      \n2005, pp. 196-206.
      \n      http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/Atman-quasi-recurrence-and-paticca-samuppada.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 2<\/a> For\u00a0example, for the square root algorithm, a paper compared Vedic math\u00a0with “Newton’s method”. For “Newton’s method”\u00a0the starting guess used was half the number. Now, it is well known\u00a0that “Newton’s” method is sensitive to the starting guess.\u00a0They could very well have used half the exponent. Since the computer\u00a0anyway converts to the mantissa exponent representation, this would\u00a0have involved just one additional bit shift, but would have worked\u00a0against the claim of superiority of Vedic math algorithms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 3<\/a> \u201cPetition\u00a0to teach religiously neutral mathematics\u201d,\u00a0http:\/\/ckraju.net\/blog\/?p=94<\/a>.
      \nAlso,       http:\/\/www.ipetitions.com\/petition\/teach-religiously-neutral-mathematics<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 4<\/a> Specifically,\u00a0it is necessary to refute another common caricature that my critique\u00a0is blindly anti-West. See, C. K. Raju, \u201cBe critical: choose what is best\u201d, The\u00a0Sun<\/em>, Malaysia, 29 Aug\u00a02011, p. 16. Clip posted at http:\/\/ckraju.net\/press\/2011\/the-Sun-29-Aug-2011-p16-clipping-ckr-response.gif<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 5<\/a> \u201cKosambi\u00a0the mathematician\u201d Special article, Economic\u00a0and Political Weekly <\/em>44<\/strong> (20)\u00a0May16\u201322 (2009) pp. 33\u201345.\u00a0http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/Kosambi-EPW.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 6<\/a> For\u00a0the point that Newtonian physics failed because of a conceptual\u00a0defect about the notion of time, and had no clear way to measure\u00a0time, see C. K. Raju, Time: Towards a Consistent Theory<\/em>,\u00a0Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1994. For the point that Newton took a step\u00a0backward in making time metaphysical, see \u201cTime: What is it\u00a0that it can be measured?\u201d, Science&Education<\/em> 15<\/strong>(6)\u00a0(2006) pp. 537\u2013551, \u00a0http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/ckr_pendu_1_paper.pdf<\/a>.\u00a0For the alternative theory of gravity that\u00a0results from the correction of Newton’s error, see C. K. Raju,\u00a0\u201cRetarded\u00a0gravitation theory\u201d, in: Waldyr Rodrigues et al. (ed.), Sixth\u00a0International School on Field Theory and Gravitation<\/em>,\u00a0American Institute of Physics, New York, 2012, pp. 260\u2013276.
      \n       http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/retarded_gravitation_theory-rio.pdf.<\/a><\/p>\n

      <\/a> 7<\/a> In\u00a0Cultural\u00a0Foundations of Mathematics: The Nature of Mathematical Proof and the <\/em>Transmission of the Calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE,<\/em>Pearson Longman, 2007, I pointed out that calculus was foolishly misunderstood by Europeans because they mixed up its infinite series with the Christian theology of eternity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 8<\/a> For\u00a0a partial report, see, C.\u00a0K. Raju, \u201cTeaching mathematics with a different philosophy. 1:Formal mathematics as biased metaphysics.\u201d\u00a0, Science\u00a0and Culture<\/em> 77<\/strong> (2011) (7-8) pp.\u00a0274\u201379. http:\/\/www.scienceandculture-isna.org\/July-aug- 011\/03%20C%20K%20Raju.pdf<\/a>.\u00a0\u201cTeaching mathematics with a different philosophy. 2:\u00a0Calculus without limits.\u201d Science\u00a0and Culture<\/em> 77<\/strong>(2011)\u00a0(7-8) pp.\u00a0280-86 \u00a0http:\/\/www.scienceandculture-isna.org\/July-aug-2011\/04%20C%20K%20Raju2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 9<\/a> C. K. Raju, \u201cProbability in Ancient India\u201d, chp.\u00a037 in Handbook of the Philosophy of Science<\/em>, vol\u00a07. Philosophy of Statistics<\/em>, ed. Prasanta S.\u00a0Bandyopadhyay and Malcolm R. Forster. General Editors: Dov M.\u00a0Gabbay, Paul Thagard and John Woods. Elsevier, 2011, pp.\u00a01175-1196. http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/Probability-in-Ancient-India.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 10<\/a> e.g.\u00a0C.\u00a0K. Raju, \u201cDecolonising math and science\u201d.\u00a0In Decolonizing\u00a0our Universities<\/em>,\u00a0Claude Alvares and Shad Faruqi ed., Citizens International and
      \nUniversity Sains Malaysia, Penang, 2012, chp. 13, pp. 162-195. \u00a0      http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/decolonisation-paper.pdf<\/a>. \u00a0Video is first 34 minutes of the one at http:\/\/vimeo.com\/26506961.<\/a><\/p>\n

      <\/a> 11<\/a> E.g. Tehran talk http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/presentations\/decolonizing-mathematics.pdf<\/a>. See also, http:\/\/ckraju.net\/blog\/?p=98<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      <\/a> 12<\/a> E.g.\u00a0See above books and article, and C.\u00a0K. Raju, \u201cFunctional differential equations. 1: A new paradigm\u00a0in physics\u201d, Physics Education<\/em> (India),\u00a029<\/strong>(3), July-Sep 2013, Article
      \n1.       http:\/\/physedu.in\/uploads\/publication\/11\/200\/29.3.1FDEs-in-physics-part-1.pdf<\/a>, and \u201cFunctional differential equations. 2: The classical\u00a0hydrogen atom\u201d,\u00a0Physics Education<\/em> (India), 29<\/strong>(3), July-Sep 2013, Article\u00a02.\u00a0http:\/\/physedu.in\/uploads\/publication\/11\/201\/29.3.2FDEs-in-physics-part-2.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u094b\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0940,
      \n\u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940. \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902. \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c \u092e\u0939\u095b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 “\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915” \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940: \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u092e\u0917\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 “\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915” \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e. \u0932\u094b\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902. \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u201c\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915\u201d \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948. \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0939 \u092d\u0940 “\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915” \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092a\u0941\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u094b\u091f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948.
      \n\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0924\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u092f \u0939\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902. \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 “\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915” \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u0947. \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f “\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915” \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0947. \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902. \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0941\u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u095b\u0930\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u091b\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940.
      \n\u0905\u095e\u0938\u094b\u0938 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f “\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915” \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u095c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902.
      \n\u0905\u092b\u0938\u094b\u0938 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948. \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948. \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092d\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902.
      \n\u092e\u0948\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u096b\u0966\u0966 \u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940: Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: The Nature of Mathematical Proof and the Transmission of the Calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE, Pearson Longman, 2007. \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947 (\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947) \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0916\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0948. \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948. (C. K. Raju, \u201cTeaching mathematics with a different philosophy. 1: Formal mathematics as biased metaphysics.\u201d Science and Culture, 77 (2011) (7-8) pp. 274-79. http:\/\/www.scienceandculture-isna.org\/July-aug-2011\/03%20C%20K%20Raju.pdf. \u201cTeaching mathematics with a different philosophy. 2: Calculus without limits.\u201d Science and Culture, 77 (2011) (7-8) pp. 280-86. http:\/\/www.scienceandculture-isna.org\/July-aug-2011\/04%20C%20K%20Raju2.pdf.)
      \n\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092b\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0922\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0947\u0926, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0915\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902.
      \n(C. K. Raju, \u201cProbability in Ancient India\u201d, chp. 37 in Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, vol 7. Philosophy of Statistics, ed. Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay and Malcolm R. Forster. General Editors: Dov M. Gabbay, Paul Thagard and John Woods. Elsevier, 2011, pp. 1175-1196. http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/Probability-in-Ancient-India.pdf.)<\/p>\n

      \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902.
      \n(\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f C. K. Raju, \u201cDecolonising math and science\u201d. In Decolonizing our Universities, Claude Alvares and Shad Faruqi ed., Citizens International and University Sains Malaysia, Penang, 2012, chp. 13, pp. 162-195. http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/decolonisation-paper.pdf. Video is first 34 minutes of the one at http:\/\/vimeo.com\/26506961. \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f http:\/\/ckraju.net\/papers\/presentations\/decolonizing-mathematics.pdf, \u090f\u0935\u0902 C. K. Raju, \u201cFunctional differential equations. 1: A new paradigm in physics\u201d, Physics Education ( India), 29(3), July-Sep 2013, Article 1. http:\/\/physedu.in\/uploads\/publication\/11\/200\/29.3.1FDEs-in-physics-part-1.pdf, and \u201cFunctional differential equations. 2: The classical hydrogen atom\u201d, Physics Education ( India), 29(3), July-Sep 2013, Article 2. http:\/\/physedu.in\/uploads\/publication\/11\/201\/29.3.2FDEs-in-physics-part-2.pdf. \u0906\u0926\u093f. \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093f\u092f\u0947 http:\/\/ckraju.net\/blog. )<\/p>\n

      \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902. \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948. \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092b \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902. \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902. \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a-\u0926\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u092a\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901.
      \n\u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0915\u0932\u0940 \u201c\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u201d \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u092a \u092a\u0930 (\u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930) \u0939\u0902\u0938\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902. \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940. \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u092e\u094d\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948. \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948.<\/p>\n

      \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0942<\/p>\n

      ==========================================
      \nC. K. Raju
      \nweb: http:\/\/ckraju.net<\/p>\n

      Euclid and Jesus:
      \nHow and why the church changed mathematics and Christianity across two religious wars
      \nDraft webpage: http:\/\/ckraju.net\/Euclid<\/p>\n

      From: Atul Kothari <***@gmail.com>
      \nTo: ***@ckraju.net
      \nSent: Thursday, 14 August 2014 1:44 PM
      \nSubject: \u0926\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 8 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 2014 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u0938\u093e \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n

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      \n\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0947,
      \n\u0926\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 8 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 2014 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u0938\u093e \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u094b \u0906\u091c \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0924\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964
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      \n\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902? \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e, \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964
      \n\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u091c \u0907\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0948\u0923\u094d\u0921, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940, \u0906\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0948\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0905\u091a\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0906\u092a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964
      \n\u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093f\u0916 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n

      —
      \nATUL KOTHARI
      \nSecretary- Shiksha Sanskriti Utthan Nyas
      \nCo-Convener- Shiksha Bachao Andolan Samiti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      My article in The Hindu, 3 Sep 2014, received\u00a0214 comments and 4.3k Facebook Likes. Here are my\u00a0responses. (A separate response in Hindi to Dinanath Batra’s\u00a0associate’s comments on my Jansatta article in Hindi of 10 Aug 2014 is given below.) Abuse. Some people have turned abusive and chanted abuses like\u00a0mantras! Funnily, their abuses are always the same, no matter what\u00a0the critique! After working on decolonisation for the last 4 years,\u00a0and mentioning the use of Indian ganita in the above articles, it is\u00a0excessively funny to be accused of being a follower of Macaulay!\u00a0Pathetic. These abusers have an equally pathetic knowledge of\u00a0Hinduism, and hence are its worst enemies, not its owners, as they\u00a0claim, for they confuse the fakes for the real stuff. (Incidentally,\u00a0I have also given what is possibly the strongest possible scientific\u00a0basis for Upanishadic philosophy, relating it to scientific and\u00a0refutable notions of time,[1] but it is beyond even their leaders.) Anyway,\u00a0such ignorance of the purva paksa (the critique) permanently\u00a0disqualifies these abusers from being taken seriously, according to\u00a0the Nyaya sutra. It is ancient hence it is Vedic. Wrong! Ancient does not mean Vedic. Buddhism, Jainism, and Lokayata are\u00a0also ancient, but all reject the Veda as a means of knowledge.\u00a0Lokayata said that Brahmins are hypocrites. Is that also Vedic\u00a0knowledge!? If not, the claim \u201cvedic = ancient\u201d is\u00a0just a second lie invented to \u201csave\u201d the first (claim\u00a0of \u201cVedic\u201d math). A third lie is now needed to \u201csave\u201d\u00a0the second one! (Note that Lokayata are Hindus on present-day tax\u00a0laws, or the Indian census.) Besides, how do we know it is ancient? What is the pramana? Our\u00a0source (Krishna Tirtha) is recent. He hid his real sources,\u00a0obviously for a good reason. If they were really ancient, why did\u00a0no one else mention them in so many thousands of years? How do we\u00a0even know this system is Indian in origin? The article pointed out that the usual algorithms are Indian in origin (unknown to Krishna Tirtha and his followers), and based on the place value system which can be traced to the Veda. They are definitely Vedic. Why abandon the real Vedic for the fake Vedic? It is useful for CAT etc.It is a very narrow and colonial\u00a0vision of education that imagines that education is intended only to\u00a0pass competitive exams The real social use of mathematics is on the\u00a0frontiers of science and technology, where the mental arithmetic of\u00a0\u201cVedic\u201d math is irrelevant. Caste and Shakuntala Devi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","category-history-and-philosophy-of-mathematics","category-science-and-society"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ckraju.net\/wordpress_F\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}