Decolonization reading list and links: C. K. Raju

1. Analysis of Macaulay 1835, his use of a false history of science, and the remedy.

• Ending Academic Imperialism: a beginning, Citizens International, Penang, 2011. http://multiworldindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Academic-imperialism-final.pdf.

• Video: “Ending Academic imperialism”, Tehran: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdvgH4gByfk.

• Follow up-1: International workshop for a new curriculum in history and philosophy of science. Malaysia. Photo and details at http://ckraju.net/blog/?p=73.

• Follow up-2: History and philosophy of science: a new course. http://ckraju.net/blog/?p=89.

• Follow up-3: Students of the new course on history and philosophy of science interviewed by Claude Alvares. Short video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozQRBNk2alg.

• Follow up-4: “History and philosophy of science. Is science Western in origin?” Video of talk in Palestinian refugee camp. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPWNL5YL2ds.

• Is Science Western in Origin? Multiversity, Penang, and (English and Hindi) Daanish Books, Delhi, 2009. Reprint 2014, Other India Bookstore, Mapusa. Also Farsi translation, Iran Universities Press, 2012. Summary at http://ckraju.net/books/Is-Science-Western-in-Origin.html.
  
  

2. Analysis of Macaulay 1847

• “Education and counter-revolution”, Frontier Weekly, online. Edited and republished as an article “Decolonising the hard sciences” in Frontier Weekly 46(7) 25-31 Aug 2013. http://www.frontierweekly.com/archive/vol-number/vol/vol-46-2013-14/46-7/46-7-Decolonising%20Hard%20Sciences.html.

• Original at http://ckraju.net/papers/Education-and-counter-revolution.pdf.
  
  

3. Articles etc. on decolonization

• CENSORED: “To decolonise math, stand up to its false history and bad philosophy.” First published, Conversation (Global edition), 24 Oct 2016 and censored after it went viral. Yet, no one claimed my prize of Rs 2 lakh for serious evidence about “Euclid”, before or after censorship.

  • In India, Scroll.in first carried and then censored the article. Added a foolish comment that it was taken down since bad mathematics. On questioning, the editor agreed he was ignorant of math and changed it to “academic debate”!

  • Reproduced also by Wire (https://thewire.in/75896/to-decolonise-maths-stand-up-to-its-false-history/), taken down, and then put back admitting that the excuse of “editorial reasons” stated by the South Africa editor of Conversation was suspect in the context of apartheid. Carried an article in support (https://thewire.in/76633/science-east-ckraju-pythagoras/), but anonymously.

  • Reproduced accurately on blog (http://ckraju.net/blog/?p=117) which also lists some protests against this censorship, to Conversation, UNESCO International Association of Universities etc.

  • This 1000-word article is reproduced in entirety in “Black thoughts matter: decolonized math, academic censorship, and the ‘Pythagorean’ proposition”, Journal of Black Studies, Online First, 30 Jan 2017. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0021934716688311.

• “Decolonizing mathematics”, Interview: Decoloniality International Network, June 2016. http://www.din.today/prof-c-k-raju-decolonizing-mathematics-leads-to-better-mathematics/

• “We need swaraj in education”, Interview, Feb 2016: archived at http://ckraju.net/press/2016/FIRST-interview-with-Prof-CKRaju-Published-in-Aseema2016.pdf.

• “Decolonising math and science education”. Ghadar Jari Hai 8(3), 2014, pp. 5-12. http://www.ghadar.in/gjh_html/?q=content/decolonising-math-and-science-education.

• “Decolonising Maths education”, The Hindu, 24 Oct 2014. Full version posted online at http://ckraju.net/press/2014/Response-to-Glover-Teach-religiously-neutral-math.html.
  
  

• “Decolonising math and science”. In: Decolonising the University, ed. Claude Alvares and Shad Faruqi, USM and Citizens International, 2012, pp. 162–195. http://ckraju.net/papers/decolonisation-paper.pdf.

• “Decolonisation of education: further steps”, paper for the meeting on “Decolonisation and leadership”, Nottingham University, Malaysia Campus, Jan 2015. Draft posted at http://ckraju.net/papers/KL-abstract-and-draft.pdf.
  
  

• “Decolonising our universities: time for change.” Response to Wildavsky. GlobalHigherEd http://globalhighered.wordpress.com/2011/09/11/decolonising-our-universities-time-for-change/.
  
  

• “Swaraj in thought: Decolonising our universities for a just world order”. Paper for plenary talk at the Indian Social Sciences Congress, Wardha, Dec 2011. In Proc. http://ckraju.net/Swaraj-in-thought.pdf.
  
  

• गणित कठिन क्यों लगता है? Edit page,  Dainik Bhaskar 9 June 2012. http://ckraju.net/press/2012/ganita-kathin-kyon-lagata-hai.gif.
  
  

• मैथेमैटिक्स और गणित में फर्क है. Naidunia, 25 May 2013. Original title, "सेक्युलर गणित पढ़ायें", http://ckraju.net/press/2013/Naidunia-article.gif.
  
  

4. Suggestion to the government on New Education Policy

• “Teach ganita not math”, http://ckraju.net/papers/ckr-NEP-suggestions.pdf.

  • Executive summary, http://ckraju.net/papers/ckr-nep-executive-summary.pdf.

  • हिंदी सारांश: http://ckraju.net/papers/ckr-hindi-executive%20summary-nep.pdf.
    
    

5. Ongoing project on alternative math curriculum for schools (Class 7-9).

• Partial project document: http://ckraju.net/papers/Project-document-alternative-math-curriculum-part.pdf.

  • Executive summary: http://ckraju.net/papers/Executive-summary-alternative-math-curiculum.pdf.

• Related article-1. “Towards equity in math education. 1: Goodbye Euclid!” Bharatiya

Samajik Chintan (New Series) 7 (4) (2009) pp. 255–264. http://ckraju.net/papers/MathEducation1Euclid.pdf.

• Related article-2. “Towards Equity in Math Education. 2: The Indian Rope Trick” Bharatiya

Samajik Chintan (New Series) 7 (4) (2009) pp. 265–269. http://ckraju.net/papers/MathEducation2RopeTrick.pdf.

Technical articles, books, videos

1. Indian origin of calculus and its transmission to Europe.

• Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: the nature of mathematical proof, and the transmission of the calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE  (Pearson Longman, 2007, PHISPC Vol. X.4, 477+xlv pp, ISBN: 81-317-0871-3. Summary at http://ckraju.net/papers/GJH-book-review.pdf.

• “Computers, Mathematics Education, and the Alternative Epistemology of the Calculus in the YuktiBhâsâ”, Philosophy East and West, 51(3), 2001, pp. 325–362. http://ckraju.net/papers/Hawaii.pdf.

• “Calculus”, Encyclopedia of non-Western Science, Technology and Medicine, ed. H. Selin, Springer, Dordrecht, 2016, pp. 1010-1015. http://ckraju.net/papers/Springer/ckr-Springer-encyclopedia-calculus-1-final.pdf.

• “Calculus transmission”, Encyclopedia of non-Western Science, Technology and Medicine, ed. H. Selin, Springer, Dordrecht, 2016, pp.1016-1022. http://ckraju.net/papers/Springer/ckr-Springer-encyclopedia-calculus-2-final.pdf.

• Video of talk at MIT, Cambridge, Mass., 2015, “Calculus: the real story”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaodCGDjqzs. Abstract: http://ckraju.net/papers/Calculus-story-abstract.html.

• Video of talk at IISc, Bengaluru, 2015, “Calculus: ganita or math?”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-r1CWU-KKM. Abstract at “Ganita vs math: ten myths underlying Western math and the need to reject them.”, http://ckraju.net/blog/?p=111.
  
  

2. The 5-day course on calculus without limits. Reports and blogs.

• “Teaching Mathematics with a Different Philosophy. 1: Formal mathematics as biased metaphysics”. Science and Culture 77 (2011) 275–80. http://www.scienceandculture-isna.org/July-aug-2011/03%20C%20K%20Raju.pdf. arXiv:1312.2099.

• “Teaching Mathematics with a Different Philosophy. 2: Calculus without limits”. Science and Culture, 77 (2011) 281–86. http://www.scienceandcultureisna.org/July-aug-2011/04%20C%20K%20Raju2.pdf. arXiv:1312.2100.

• “Calculus without Limits: Report of an Experiment” 2nd People’s Education Congress, HBCSE, TIFR, Mumbai, Oct 2009. In Proc. http://ckraju.net/papers/calculus-without-limits-paper-2pce.pdf.

• Central University of Tibetan Studies, Varanasi, http://ckraju.net/blog/?p=34.

• CISSC, Tehran, http://ckraju.net/blog/?p=84.

• Ambedkar University Delhi (“Calculus for social scientists”) http://ckraju.net/blog/?p=83.

3. How changing math improves science.

• Newton’s physics failed jut because he made time metaphysical.

  • Time: Towards a Consistent Theory, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1994. (Fundamental theories of physics, vol. 65.).

  • (Short exposition) “Time: what is it that it can be measured?” Science & Education, 15(6) (2006) pp. 537–551. Draft: http://ckraju.net/papers/ckr_pendu_1_paper.pdf.

• Newton made time metaphysical, just because he did not understand the calculus. Correcting his misunderstanding also corrects his theory of gravity. The correction explains NASA flyby anomaly etc.

  • “Retarded gravitation theory” in: Waldyr Rodrigues Jr, Richard Kerner, Gentil O. Pires, and Carlos Pinheiro (ed.), Sixth International School on Field Theory and Gravitation, American Institute of Physics, New York, 2012, pp. 260-276. http://ckraju.net/papers/retarded_gravitation_theory-rio.pdf.

  • (Expository account) “Functional Differential Equations. 4: Retarded gravitation”, Physics Education (India) 31(2) April-June, 2015, http://www.physedu.in/uploads/publication/19/309/1-Functional-differential-equations-4-Retarded-gravitation-(2).pdf.

• How current calculus with limits fails for shocks, singularities and renormalization problem of quantum field theory, and how Indian “non-Archimedean” arithmetic corrects it.

  • See, Appendix to Cultural Foundations of Mathematics, and the abstract of the MIT talk above for more details and references.

  • The problems with calculus (and Schwartz distributions) were earlier resolved using Non-Standard Analysis. See “Distributional matter tensors in relativity”, Proceedings of the Fifth Marcel Grossman meeting on General Relativity, D. Blair and M. J. Buckingham (ed), R. Ruffini (series ed.), World Scientific, Singapore, 1989, pp. 421–23. arXiv: 0804.1998.

• How this reformulates electrodynamics to resolve runaways with radiation damping.

  • (with Suvrat Raju) “Radiative Damping and Functional Differential Equations”,

Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 26(35) (2011) 2627–2638. arXiv:0802:339

• (expository article) “Functional differential equations. 3: Radiative damping”, Physics Education (India), 30(3), July-Sep 2014, Article 8. http://www.physedu.in/uploads/publication/15/263/7.-Functional-differential-equations.pdf.
  
  

4. Western math: not even secular.

• Euclid and Jesus: How and why the church changed mathematics and Christianity across two religious wars, Multiversity, Penang, 2012.

• “The Religious Roots of Mathematics”, Theory, Culture & Society 23 Jan-March 2006, Special Issue ed. Mike Featherstone, Couze Venn, Ryan Bishop, and John Phillips, pp. 95–97. http://ckraju.net/papers/Religious-roots-of-math-TCS.pdf

• See article above on “Formal math as biased metaphysics.”

• “Islam and Science”, Keynote address at International Conference on Islam and Multiculturalism, Univ. of Malaya. In Islam and Multiculturalism: Islam, Modern Science, and Technology, ed. Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, and Organization for Islamic Area Studies, Waseda University, Japan, 2013, pp. 1-14. http://ckraju.net/hps-aiu/Islam-and-Science-kl-paper.pdf.

• “Eternity and Infinity: the Western misunderstanding of Indian mathematics and its consequences for science today.” American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Asian and Asian American Philosophers and Philosophies 14(2) (2015) pp. 27–33. Draft at http://ckraju.net/papers/Eternity-and-infinity.pdf.

5. New philosophy of mathematics: zeroism

• “Zeroism”, Encyclopedia of non-Western Science, Technology and Medicine, ed. H. Selin, Springer, Dordrecht, 2016, pp. 4604-4610. http://ckraju.net/papers/Springer/zeroism-springer-f.pdf.

• “Probability in ancient India”, chp. 37 in Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, vol 7. Philosophy of Statistics, ed, Dov M. Gabbay, Paul Thagard and John Woods. Elsevier, 2011, pp. 1175-1196. http://www.ckraju.net/papers/Probability-in-Ancient-India.pdf.

• Video: Conversation with the Dalai Lama, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkS1HM6g0O4. Press report, Sunday Guardian “Must decolonise science for progress”, 18 May 2016. http://ckraju.net/press/2016/dharamshala-sunday-guardian.pdf.